SKU: A054  / 
    CAS Number: Mixture

    Amoxicillin : Potassium Clavulanate (2:1)

    S/.379.08 - S/.636.66

    Amoxicillin:Potassium Clavulanate (2:1) is a combination of Amoxicillin (one part) and Potassium Clavulanate (Clavulanic Acid)(two parts) which prevents the degradation of Amoxicillin by β-lactamase enzymes and allows for greater efficacy against β-lactam resistant strains.

    Amoxicillin is an extended-spectrum β-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to Ampicillin. Resistance to Amoxicillin is due to β-lactamase enzymes found in resistant strains.

    Potassium Clavulanate, produced by the fermentation of Streptomyces clavuligerus, is a β-lactamase inhibitor which can irreversibly inactivate β-lactamase enzymes.

    Amoxicillin:Potassium Clavulanate (2:1) is freely soluble in water.

    We also offer:

    • Amoxicillin Trihydrate (A004)
    • Amoxicillin Sodium (A059)
     
    Mechanism of Action Like all β-lactams, Amoxicillin targets PBP’s (penicillin binding proteins) involved in the final phase of peptidoglycan synthesis. PBP’s are enzymes which catalyze a pentaglycine crosslink between alanine and lysine residues. Without a pentaglycine crosslink, the integrity of the cell wall is severely compromised ultimately leading to the death of the cell.
    Spectrum Amoxicillin targets a wide range of β-lactamase negative Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including E. coli and a number of Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species. Because peptidoglycan is synthesized in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, Amoxicillin can be used against a wide variety of microbes. Clavulanate competitively and irreversibly inhibits a wide variety of β-lactamases found in bacteria that are resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins.
    Microbiology Applications Amoxicillin is commonly used in clinical in vitro microbiological antimicrobial susceptibility tests (panels, discs, and MIC strips) against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbial isolates. Medical microbiologists use AST results to recommend antibiotic treatment options.  Representative MIC values include:
    • Neisseria gonorrhoeae 0.3 µg/mL - 32 µg/mL
    • Haemophilus influenzae 0.125 µg/mL - >64 µg/mL
    • For a representative list of Amoxicillin MIC values, click here.
    Impurities Single Impurity: ≤2.0%
    Total Impurities: ≤6.0%
    References

    Ball AP, Geddes AM, Davey PG, Farrell ID, Brookes GR (1980) Clavulanic acid and Amoxycillin: A clinical, bacteriological, and pharmacological study. Lancet 1(8169):620-623 PMID 6102627

    Fuchs PC, Barry AL, Thornsberry C, Gavan TL and Jones RN (1983) In vitro evaluation of augmentin by broth microdilutiona and disk diffusion susceptibility testing: Regression analysis, tentative interpretive criteria, and quality control limits. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 24(1):31-38 PMID 6625554

    Kim SH et al (2015) Characterization of Amoxicillin- and clavulanic acid-specific T cells in patients with Amoxicillin-clavulanate-induced liver injury. Hepatology 62(3):887-899 PMID 25998949

    Ogese MO (2017) Characterization of drug-specific signaling between primary human hepatocytes and immune Cells. Toxicol Sci. 158(1):76-89 PMID 28444390

    Pitout JD, Sanders CC, Sanders WE (1997) Antimicrobial resistance with focus on beta-lactam resistance in gram-negative bacilli. Am J Med 103(1):51-59. PMID 9236486

    Reading C and Cole M (1977) Clavulanic acid: a beta-lactamase-inhibiting beta-lactam from Streptomyces clavuligerus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother 11(5):852-857 PMID 879738

    Worlitzch D et al (2001) Effects of Amoxicillin, gentamicin, and moxifloxacin on the hemolytic activity of Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in vivo. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 45(1):196-202 PMID 11120965

    MIC Agrobacterium radiobacter| 0.25 - 16|| Alcaligenes faecalis| 8 - 64|| Bacillus circulans| ≤0.015 - 2|| Bacteroides capillosus | ≤0.015 - 0.25|| Bacteroides merdae| 0.016 - 0.5|| Bacteroides ovatus| 0.016 - 0.5|| Bacteroides ureolyticus| ≤0.015 - 0.25|| Bifidobacterium adolescentis| 0.016 - 0.5|| Bifidobacterium breve| ≤0.015 - 2|| Bifidobacterium longum| ≤0.015 - 2|| Bifidobacterium sp.| 0.016 - 0.5|| Bordetella bronchiseptica| 8 - 64|| Brevundimonas vesicularis| 4 - >64|| Burkholderia cepacia| >64|| Campylobacter coli| 0.5 - 16|| Campylobacter concisus| 0.06 - >8|| Campylobacter gracilis| 0.06 - >8|| Campylobacter jejuni| 0.12 - 16|| Campylobacter mucosalis| 0.06 - >8|| Campylobacter rectus| 0.06 - >8|| Campylobacter showae| 0.06 - >8|| Campylobacter sputorum| 0.06 - >8|| Capnocytophaga ochracea | ≤0.015 - 0.25|| Capnocytophaga spp.| 0.016 - 64|| Chryseobacterium indologenes| 0.5 - >64|| Chryseobacterium meningosepticum| 32 - >64|| Collinsella aerofaciens| ≤0.015 - 0.25|| Comamonas acidovorans| 32 - >64|| Corynebacterium jeikeium| 1 - >8|| Dialister pneumosintes | ≤0.015 - 0.25|| Edwardsiella hoshinae | 0.06 - 0.25|| Edwardsiella ictaluri | 0.06 - 1|| Edwardsiella tarda| 0.06 - 4|| Eikenella corrodens| 0.25 - 2|| Enterococcus faecalis| 0.016 - 64|| Enterococcus faecium| 0.5 - >256|| Escherichia coli| 0.016 - 512|| Eubacterium lentum| ≤0.015 - 0.25|| Eubacterium saburreum| ≤0.015 - 0.125|| Eubacterium spp.| ≤0.015 - 0.25|| Eubacterium timidum| ≤0.015 - 0.25|| Eubacterium yurii| ≤0.015 - 0.25|| Finegoldia magna| ≤0.015 - 2|| Fusobacterium naviforme| ≤0.015 - 0.5|| Fusobacterium necrophorum| ≤0.015 - 0.5|| Fusobacterium nucleatum| ≤0.015 - 0.5|| Fusobacterium spp.| 0.016 - 0.5|| Gemella morbillorum| 0.016 - 64|| Haemophilus influenzae| 0.016 - 64|| Haemophilus parainfluenzae| 0.016 - 64|| Haemophilus spp.| 0.75 - 2|| Helicobacter pylori| <0.01 - 0.02|| Hemolytic streptococci (group C)| 0.016 - 0.25|| Hemolytic streptococci (group G)| 0.016 - 0.25|| Lactobacillus catenaforme| ≤0.015 - 2|| Lactobacillus delbrueckii| ≤0.015 - 2|| Lactobacillus oris| ≤0.015 - 2|| Lactobacillus plantarum| ≤0.015 - 2|| Lactobacillus spp.| ≤0.015 - 2|| Leptotrichia buccalis| ≤0.015 - 0.5|| Micromonas micros| 0.06 - 4|| Moraxella catarrhalis| ≤0.008 - 64|| Neisseria cinerea| 0.5 - 2|| Neisseria elongata | 0.5 - 2|| Neisseria meningitidis| ≤0.06 - 0.5|| Neisseria sicca| 0.5 - 2|| Neisseria spp.| 0.5 - 2|| Nocardia brasiliensis| 1 - 32|| Ochrobactrum anthropi| 32 - ≥128|| Oligella ureolytica| 0.25 - >64|| Olsenella uli| ≤0.015 - 2|| Parvimonas micra| 0.016 - 0.75|| Pasteurella haemolytica| ≤1 - 0.5|| Peptoniphilus gorbachii | 0.016 - 0.064|| Peptoniphilus harei | 0.016 - 0.38|| Peptoniphilus ivorii | 0.016 - 0.032|| Peptoniphilus lacrimalis | 0.016 - 0.25|| Peptoniphilus octavius | 0.064|| Peptostreptococcus anaerobius| ≤0.015 - 4|| Porphyromonas endodontalis | ≤0.015 - 0.5|| Porphyromonas gingivalis| ≤0.015 - 0.25|| Prevotella buccae| ≤0.015 - 1|| Prevotella buccalis| ≤0.015 - 1|| Prevotella corporis | ≤0.015 - 1|| Prevotella dentalis | ≤0.015 - 1|| Prevotella denticola| ≤0.015 - 1|| Prevotella disiens| ≤0.015 - 1|| Prevotella intermedia| ≤0.015 - 1|| Prevotella loescheii| ≤0.015 - 1|| Prevotella melaninogenica| ≤0.015 - 1|| Prevotella nigrescens| ≤0.015 - 1|| Prevotella oralis| 0.016 - 1|| Prevotella oris| ≤0.015 - 1|| Prevotella pallens | ≤0.015 - 1|| Prevotella spp.| ≤0.015 - 1|| Prevotella tannerae | ≤0.015 - 1|| Prevotella zooglioformans | ≤0.015 - 1|| Propionibacterium avidum| ≤0.015 - 2|| Propionibacterium sp. | 0.016 - 0.5|| Pseudomonas aeruginosa| >64 - >512|| Pseudomonas oryzihabitans| 2|| Pseudomonas stutzeri| 0.25 - 16|| Ralstonia pickettii | 1 - >64|| Rothia dentocariosa| 0.016 - 64|| Rothia mucilaginosa| 0.016 - 64|| Ruminococcus gnavus| 0.19|| Selenomonas flueggei | ≤0.015 - 0.25|| Selenomonas infelix | ≤0.015 - 0.25|| Selenomonas spp.| ≤0.015 - 0.25|| Sphingomonas spp.| 8 - 32|| Staphylococci| 0.03 - 64|| Staphylococcus aureus| 0.016 - 64|| Staphylococcus epidermidis| 0.016 - 64|| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia| 8 - >64|| Streptococci| 0.03 - 0.25|| Streptococcus acidominimus | 0.016 - 0.5|| Streptococcus agalactiae| 0.03 - 0.25|| Streptococcus anginosus| 0.016 - 0.25|| Streptococcus bovis| ≤0.06 - 0.12|| Streptococcus constellatus| 0.016 - 0.25|| Streptococcus intermedius| 0.016 - 0.25|| Streptococcus mitis| 0.016 - 1|| Streptococcus oralis| 0.016 - 1|| Streptococcus ovis | 0.016 - 0.5|| Streptococcus parasanguinis | 0.016 - 0.5|| Streptococcus pluranimalium | 0.016 - 0.5|| Streptococcus pneumonia| ≤0.008 - 16|| Streptococcus pyogenes| 0.03 - 0.25|| Streptococcus salivarius| 0.016 - 0.5|| Streptococcus sanguinis| 0.016 - 0.5|| Streptococcus sobrinus| 0.016 - 0.5|| Streptococcus spp| ≤0.06 - >8|| Streptococcus thoraltensis | 0.016 - 0.5|| Veillonella spp.| 0.06 - 4|| Weeksella virosa | ≤0.06 - 0.5||