Vancomycin Hydrochloride

Vancomycin HCl, USP packaged and labeled.

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Vancomycin Hydrochloride

SKU: V001

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Description

Vancomycin HCl, USP (V001) is a glycopeptide antibiotic derived from Streptomyces orientalis that was discovered in 1953 from a soil sample found in Borneo. It is effective against gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and is used in studies of nanoparticle transport and antibiotic resistance studies.

Vancomycin HCl acts as a cell wall synthesis inhibitor in bacteria by preventing the transfer and addition of NAM/NAG-peptides that make up the peptidoglycan cell wall structure.

Vancomycin HCl has low cell toxicity in plant cells and has been used in conjunction with Cefotaxime or Carbenicillin to stop the growth of agrobacterium in plant cell culture and transformation.

Click here for more vancomycin products.

CAS Number

1404-93-9

Molecular Formula

C₆₆H₇₅Cl₂N₉O₂₄ · HCl

Molecular Weight

1485.71

Mechanism of Action

Vancomycin HCl prevents cell wall synthesis by two separate mechanisms. One mechanism prevents N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) and N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) peptides from linking together forming the peptidoglycan backbone through the incorporation of the Vancomycin HCl molecule to the D-alanyl-D-alanine terminal. The second mechanism prevents crosslinking between amino acid residues in the peptidoglycan chain altering bacterial cell membrane permeability as well as RNA synthesis.

Storage Conditions

2-8°C, protect from light

Tariff Code

2941.90.5000

Spectrum

Vancomycin HCl inhibits growth of many gram-positive bacteria including the antibiotic resistant superbug, MRSA (Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Vancomycin HCl is effective for treating MRSA infections because it inhibits cell wall synthesis through a different mechanism than β-lactam antibiotics.

Over the years gram-positive bacteria have emerged that are resistant to Vancomycin HCl, such as Vancomycin HCl resistant staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) and Vancomycin HCl-resistant enterococci (VRE).

Applications

Eukaryotic Cell Culture Applications

Vancomycin HCl can be used to select for cells containing the pcDNA3.1 resistance plasmid in 293 Cell lines at an effective concentration of 400 µg/mL. For additional information on your cell culture needs, please visit our cell-culture database.

Microbiology Applications

Vancomycin HCl inhibits the growth of most gram-positive bacteria including the MRSA. It is usually only indicated for the treatment of serious or life-threatening bacterial infections like those caused by β-lactam-resistant staphylococci bacterial infections. There are now Vancomycin HCl resistant bacteria, primarily, Vancomycin HCl resistant staph aureus (VRSA), and Vancomycin HCl resistant enterococci (VRE).

Vancomycin (V010) and Vancomycin HCl, USP (V001) are commonly used in selective media for isolation of Gram-negative pathogens including Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Helicobacter pylori, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. superbug Vancomycin HCl resistant enterococcus (VRE) detection.

Representative MIC values include:

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) 0.25 µg/mL - 2 µg/mL
Clostridium difficile 0.06 µg/mL - 4 µg/mL
For a complete list of Vancomycin HCl HCl MIC values, click here.

Pryjma et al. used TOKU-E Vancomycin HCl in Mueller Hinton (MH) medium to isolate Campylobacter jejuni: "FdhTU-Modulated Formate Dehydrogenase Expression and Electron Donor Availability Enhance Recovery of Campylobacter jejuni following Host Cell Infection"

Media Supplements

Vancomycin can be used as a selective agent in several types of isolation media:

Brucella medium - Brucella selective supplement

Columbia Blood Agar - Campylobacter selective supplement (Skirrow)

Columbia Blood Agar - Campylobacterselective supplement (Blaser-Wang)

Wilkins-Chalgren Anaerobe Agar - Isolation of Gram-negative anaerobes

Legionella CYE Agar - Legionella MWY Selective Supplement

Columbia Blood Agar - Helicobacter pylori Selective Supplement (Dent)

Legionella CYE Agar - Legionella GVPC Selective Supplement

Campylobacter Agar - Campylobacter Selective Supplement (Karmali)

Bolton Broth - Bolton Broth Selective Supplement

VRE Medium - VRE Selective Supplement

mTSB - VCC Selective Supplement

Campylobacter Agar Base - Modified Karmali Selective Supplement

Bolton Broth - Modified Bolton Broth Selective Supplement

Brucella Medium Base - Modified Brucella Selective Supplement

Legionella CYE Agar - Legionella GVPN Selective Supplement

Plant Biology Applications

Vancomycin HCl has low toxicity to Plant cells and is often used in Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformations as a method to control its growth in plant cell culture media. Vancomycin HCl is also suitable for bacterial contamination control in plant cell culture media and is sometimes used in combination with cefotaxime due to greater synergistic effects. Most studies do not describe any negative effects to the plant by using Vancomycin HCl, however, in a study done by Silva and Fukai (2001), lower efficiency of transformation was found at concentrations of 500 µg/ml.

Specifications

Form

Powder

Appearance

White or light brown powder

Source

Streptomyces orientalis

Impurity Profile

Vancomycin B: Not less than 85%
Any Individual Impurity: Not more than 5.0%

Water Content (Karl Fischer)

Not more than 5.0%

pH

2.5 - 4.5

Assay

(Dried Basis): Not less than 900 μg/mg

Technical Data

References

Courvalin, Patrice. "Vancomycin Resistance in Gram-Positive Cocci." Oxford Journals(2006): 25-34. Clinical Infectious Diseaes. Web. 21 Aug. 2012.

Pollock, H.M., Holt J., and Murray C., Comparison of susceptibilities of anaerobic bacteria to cefemenoxime, ceftriaxone and other antimicrobial compounds, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., Vol. 23, pp.780-783, 1983

Silva J.A. and Fukai S., The impact of carbenicillin, cefotaxime and vancomycin on chrysanthemum and tobacco TCL morphogenesis and Agrobacterium growth, J. Appl. Hort., Vol. 3(1), pp. 3-12, 2001.

Joshi, S., Ray, P., Manchanda, V., Bajaj, J., Chitnis, D. S., Gautam, V., &...Balaji, V. (2013). Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in India: Prevalence & susceptibility pattern. Indian Journal Of Medical Research, 137(2), 363-369